PSV - PCV Collaboration

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PSV - PCV Collaboration





The combination of a Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) and a Pneumatic Control Valve (PCV) in a gas pressure reduction system is an industry-standard safety configuration designed to maintain safe and stable downstream (outlet) pressure.

Generally, the PCV actively regulates pressure (operational control), while the PSV serves as a last resort if the PCV fails (safety protection).

The following details the combination and function of each component:
1. Pneumatic Control Valve (PCV) - Main Controller
Function: Regulates the outlet (downstream) gas pressure to the desired setpoint by automatically opening/closing the valve.

How it Works: The pressure sensor sends a signal to the controller, which then regulates the compressed air supply to the pneumatic actuator to move the valve.

Position: Installed in the main pipe line after the filter or pre-heater.
 2. Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) - Relief

Function: Automatically releases excess pressure to the atmosphere or flare system if the PCV fails (for example, if the PCV is stuck in the open position) and downstream pressure exceeds the safe limit (overpressure).

How it Works: The PSV operates mechanically (usually spring-loaded). When the pipeline pressure exceeds the set pressure, the fluid force overcomes the spring force, causing the valve to open and release gas.
Position: Installed in the outlet pipeline (downstream) after the PCV.

3. Combination in Gas Reduction Systems (Station Design)
In a Pressure Reduction Station (PRS), the combination of the two works as follows:
Normal Operation: The PCV regulates gas pressure. The PSV is tightly closed.

Emergency Scenario (Fail-Open): If the PCV fails and uncontrolled gas flow increases pipeline pressure, the PSV will automatically open to prevent a pipe rupture or tank explosion.

 Additional Combinations: Often, a Safety Shut-Off Valve (SSOV) or Slam-Shut Valve is installed before the PSV to completely stop gas flow if the pressure exceeds the high-high limit.

Combination Benefits:
Multi-Layered Safety: Combination of active control (PCV) and passive safety (PSV).
Equipment Protection: Prevents damage to downstream components due to pressure surges.
Automation: The system operates automatically without the need for immediate manual intervention.

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